Publication: Requirement of tumor-associated antigen-specific CD4+ T cells for an efficient dendritic cell vaccine in antitumor immunotherapy.

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Evaluation of: Aarntzen EH, De Vries IJ, Lesterhuis WJ et al. Targeting CD4(+) T-helper cells improves the induction of antitumor responses in dendritic cell-based vaccination. Cancer Res. 73(1), 19-29 (2012). The induction of antitumor immune responses in patients is one of the most sought after goals in cancer treatment. The proposed clinical approach is to use autologous mature dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with class I peptides from tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), as DCs are the most efficient immune cells to generate strong and specific cytotoxic CD8(+) T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses. To optimize DC-based cancer vaccines, Aarntzen et al. evaluated the necessity to stimulate TAA-specific CD4(+) T-helper cells to reinforce antitumor CTL responses. They demonstrated that intranodal injection of DCs pulsed with class I- and II-restricted TAA epitopes increases TAA-specific CTL responses and induces better clinical responses in stage III/IV melanoma patients than the use of DCs pulsed with class I-restricted TAA epitopes alone. This study highlights the interest of concomitant stimulation of TAA-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells for DC-based antitumor immunotherapy.